What bend angle is specified for studs in the test?

What bend angle is specified for studs in the test?

• A. 15 degrees
• B. 30 degrees
• C. 45 degrees
• D. 60 degrees

Answer: (B)

Bend testing of studs uses a moderate angle to reveal weld flaws without over-stressing a good weld. The 30-degree bend provides enough deformation to show cracks, lack of fusion, or other defects at the weld toe or heat-affected zone if they exist, while not being so severe that even a sound weld would fail. If the angle were only 15 degrees, minor defects might not be visible; if it were 45 or 60 degrees, a sound weld could fail from excessive bending, making it harder to distinguish actual weld quality. This 30-degree standard gives a practical, sensitive test condition that reflects typical service bending strains.

Bend testing of studs uses a moderate angle to reveal weld flaws without over-stressing a good weld. The 30-degree bend provides enough deformation to show cracks, lack of fusion, or other defects at the weld toe or heat-affected zone if they exist, while not being so severe that even a sound weld would fail. If the angle were only 15 degrees, minor defects might not be visible; if it were 45 or 60 degrees, a sound weld could fail from excessive bending, making it harder to distinguish actual weld quality. This 30-degree standard gives a practical, sensitive test condition that reflects typical service bending strains.